If you are diagnosed with oral (mouth) cancer, your doctor will determine the stage of the disease. Staging is a way of classifying cancer by how much disease is in the body and where it has spread when it is diagnosed.
The disease stage is determined by the size of the primary tumor, how much it has invaded the tissues whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to other organs like lung, liver, bone, or brain.
Oral Cancer Stages
1. Precancerous stage
Abnormal (dysplastic) cells are found on the surface of the lining of the lips and/or oral cavity. These abnormal cells may invade deeper to become cancer.
2. Early Stage (1-2)
- The tumor is 4 centimeters (about 1 ½ inches) or smaller
- The tumor has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body
3. Locally Advanced Stage (3-4A)
The tumor is larger than 4 centimeters (1½ inches), invading deep muscle or bone OR the Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes.
4. Unresectable/Metastatic (4B-C)
cancer involves tissues that cannot be removed, such as the carotid artery, vertebra, and skull base, or has spread to other parts of the body
5. Recurrent
oral cancer has reappeared after it was treated. It may reappear in the oral cavity or another part of the body.
For more detailed staging see AJCC2010/NCCN GUIDELINES